Taklid : Persoalan-Persoalan Yang Sering Menjadi Dilema Kebanyakan Muslim

Persoalan-Persoalan Yang Sering Menjadi Dilema Kebanyakan Muslim
Q: Apakah sumber utama islam?
A: Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah.

Q: Bagaimana pula dengan qias dan ijtimak?
A: Betul, kerana qias dan ijtimak menjadikan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah sebagai rujukan / sumber, tetapi qias dan ijtimak tidak boleh bertentangan dengan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah (Hadith).

Q: Bagaimanakah seharusnya bertaklid dgn mazhab atau dengan org berilmu yang boleh dipercayai?
A: Boleh bertaklid, tetapi jika pada satu perkara, jika jumpa hadith shahih yg jelas bertentangan dengan perkara tersebut maka ikutlah hadith tersebut.

Q: Mengapa terdapatnya perbezaan fatwa Imam Safiee (150 – 204 H) dengan hadith Shahih

A: Kerana pada zaman beliau tiada kitab hadith yang telah di-compile sebagaimana adanya sekarang. Imam Bukhari (194 – 256 H) pun adalah generasi selepas beliau. Jadi, beliau mengeluarkan pandangan / fatwa berdasarkan pengetahuan terhadap hadith yang sampai kepada beliau sahaja. Generasi awal islam, hadith-hadith disampaikan menerusi lisan dan hafalan dan yang ditulis hanya dalam bentuk helaian-helaian kecil sahaja. Kemudian ulama-ulama selepasnya seperti Imam Bukhari telah mengambil inisiatif untuk mengumpul dan membukukannya sebagai kitab hadith.



Nota kaki
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Imam Safiee 150 – 204 H
Berguru dgn imam Malik selama 20 tahun, kemudian beliau mengajar di Yeman berdasarkan pengetahuan yang beliau perolehi dari Imam Malik. Kemudia berguru dgn murid Imam Abu Hanifah (Muhammad As-Saibani) di Iraq. Melalui pengetahuan yang beliau perolehi dari Muhammad As-Saibani, beliau menukar beberapa pandangan / fatwa beliau sebelum ini dan beliau menulis Kitab Al-Hujjah. Kemudian berguru dengan murid Imam Al- Lais di Mesir. Menerusi pengetahuan yang beliau perolehi di sini beliau menukar beberapa pandangan / fatwa beliau sekali lagi dgn menulis Kitab Al-Umm. Beliau mengajar dan menjadi imam di Mesir seterusnya meninggal dunia di sana.

Imam Bukhari 194 – 256 H
Kitab beliau Shahih Bukhari telah dinilai dan disepakati oleh ulama sebagai kitab hadith yang paling shahih. Ini kerana ketatnya kaedah yang beliau gunakan sebelum menerima sesatu hadith itu sebagai shahih.

Imam Muslim 202 – 261 H
Pernah berguru dengan Imam Bukhari



MOHD ZUHAIDIR ZAINI
B.Sc. Elec. Eng. (Medical Electronic), UTM
M. Edu. Technical & Vocational, KUiTTHO
SPM: SMAR

Siapakah Orang-orang yang Sabar

As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
=====================================================
O you who believe! Seek help in patience and As-Salat (the prayer). Truly! Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
2:153

And say not of those who are killed in the Way of Allah, "They are dead." Nay, they are living, but you perceive

(it) not.
2:154

And certainly, We shall test you with something of fear, hunger, loss of wealth, lives and fruits, but give glad

tidings to As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
2:155

Who, when afflicted with calamity, say: "Truly! To Allah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return."
2:156

They are those on whom are the Salawat (i.e. blessings, etc.) (i.e. who are blessed and will be forgiven) from

their Lord, and (they are those who) receive His Mercy, and it is they who are the guided-ones.
2:157

It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, and each and every act of obedience to Allah, etc.) that you turn your

faces towards east and (or) west (in prayers); but Al-Birr is (the quality of) the one who believes in Allah, the

Last Day, the Angels, the Book, the Prophets and gives his wealth, in spite of love for it, to the kinsfolk, to

the orphans, and to Al-Masakin (the poor), and to the wayfarer, and to those who ask, and to set slaves free,

performs As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and gives the Zakat, and who fulfil their covenant when they make it, and who

are As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.) in extreme poverty and ailment (disease) and at the time of fighting

(during the battles). Such are the people of the truth and they are Al­Muttaqun (pious - see V.2:2).
2:177

Then when Talut (Saul) set out with the army, he said: "Verily! Allah will try you by a river. So whoever drinks

thereof, he is not of me, and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except him who takes (thereof) in the hollow of

his hand." Yet, they drank thereof, all, except a few of them. So when he had crossed it (the river), he and those

who believed with him, they said: "We have no power this day against Jalut (Goliath) and his hosts." But those who

knew with certainty that they were to meet their Lord, said: "How often a small group overcame a mighty host by

Allah's Leave?" And Allah is with AS-SABIRIN (the patient ones, etc.).
2:249

Do you think that you will enter Paradise before Allah tests those of you who fought (in His Cause) and (also)

tests those who are As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.)?
3:142

And many a Prophet (i.e. many from amongst the Prophets) fought (in Allah's Cause) and along with him (fought)

large bands of religious learned men. But they never lost heart for that which did befall them in Allah's Way, nor

did they weaken nor degrade themselves. And Allah loves As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
3:146

And they said nothing but: "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our transgressions (in keeping our duties to You),

establish our feet firmly, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk."
3:147

So Allah gave them the reward of this world, and the excellent reward of the Hereafter. And Allah loves Al-

Muhsinun (the good­doers - see the footnote of V.3:134).
3:148

O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them and remember the Name of Allah

much (both with tongue and mind), so that you may be successful.
8:45

And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute (with one another) lest you lose courage and your strength

depart, and be patient. Surely, Allah is with those who are As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
8:46

Now Allah has lightened your (task), for He knows that there is weakness in you. So if there are of you a hundred

steadfast persons, they shall overcome two hundred, and if there are a thousand of you, they shall overcome two

thousand with the Leave of Allah. And Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).
8:66

And if you punish (your enemy, O you believers in the Oneness of Allah), then punish them with the like of that

with which you were afflicted. But if you endure patiently, verily, it is better for As-Sabirin (the patient ones,

etc.).
16:126

And endure you patiently (O Muhammad SAW), your patience is not but from Allah. And grieve not over them

(polytheists and pagans, etc.), and be not distressed because of what they plot.
16:127

Truly, Allah is with those who fear Him (keep their duty unto Him), and those who are Muhsinun (good-doers, - see

the footnote of V.9:120).
16:128

And (remember) Ayub (Job), when he cried to his Lord: "Verily, distress has seized me, and You are the Most

Merciful of all those who show mercy."
21:83

So We answered his call, and We removed the distress that was on him, and We restored his family to him (that he

had lost), and the like thereof along with them, as a mercy from Ourselves and a Reminder for all who worship Us.
21:84

And (remember) Isma'il (Ishmael), and Idris (Enoch) and Dhul-Kifl (Isaiah), all were from among As-Sabirin (the

patient ones, etc.).
21:85

And We admitted them to Our Mercy. Verily, they were of the righteous.
21:86

And (remember) Dhan-Nun (Jonah), when he went off in anger, and imagined that We shall not punish him (i.e. the

calamites which had befallen him)! But he cried through the darkness (saying): La ilaha illa Anta [none has the

right to be worshipped but You (O Allah)], Glorified (and Exalted) are You [above all that (evil) they associate

with You]. Truly, I have been of the wrong-doers."
21:87

So We answered his call, and delivered him from the distress. And thus We do deliver the believers (who believe

in the Oneness of Allah, abstain from evil and work righteousness).
21:88

And (remember) Zakariya (Zachariah), when he cried to his Lord: "O My Lord! Leave me not single (childless),

though You are the Best of the inheritors."
21:89

So We answered his call, and We bestowed upon him Yahya (John), and cured his wife (to bear a child) for him.

Verily, they used to hasten on to do good deeds, and they used to call on Us with hope and fear, and used to

humble themselves before Us.
21:90

And, when he (his son) was old enough to walk with him, he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream that I am

slaughtering you (offer you in sacrifice to Allah), so look what you think!" He said: "O my father! Do that which

you are commanded, Insha' Allah (if Allah will), you shall find me of As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.)."
37:102

Then, when they had both submitted themselves (to the Will of Allah), and he had laid him prostrate on his

forehead (or on the side of his forehead for slaughtering);
37:103

And We called out to him: "O Abraham!
37:104

You have fulfilled the dream (vision)!" Verily! Thus do We reward the Muhsinun (good-doers - see V.2:112).
37:105

Verily, that indeed was a manifest trial
37:106

ORANG-ORANG YANG KEKAL DI DALAM NERAKA

Di dalam Al-Quran biasanya kita akan menjumpai Allah menggunakan perkataan ‘hum feeha khalidoona’ yang membawa maksud ‘mereka di dalamnya orang-orang yang kekal’.

1. Orang-Orang yang Engkar, Menolak Kebenaran Islam, dan Menutup Kebenaran Islam Supaya Orang lain Tidak Tahu akan Kebenaran

But those who disbelieve and belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) such are the dwellers of the Fire, they shall ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER.

Quran 2: 39

Verily, those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers, it is they on whom is the Curse of Allah and of the angels and of mankind, combined.

They will abide therein (under the curse in Hell), their punishment will neither be lightened, nor will they be reprieved.

Quran 2: 161 – 162

They ask you concerning fighting in the Sacred Months (i.e. 1st, 7th, 11th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar). Say, "Fighting therein is a great (transgression) but a greater (transgression) with Allah is to prevent mankind from following the Way of Allah, to disbelieve in Him, to prevent access to Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah), and to drive out its inhabitants, and Al-Fitnah is worse than killing. And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER."

Quran 2: 217

Allah is the Wali (Protector or Guardian) of those who believe. He brings them out from darkness into light. But as for those who disbelieve, their Auliya (supporters and helpers) are Taghut [false deities and false leaders, etc.], they bring them out from light into darkness. Those are the dwellers of the Fire, and they will ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER.

Quran 2: 257

Verily, those who disbelieve [by concealing the truth about Prophet Muhammad SAW and his message of true Islamic Monotheism written with them in the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)] and prevent (mankind) from the Path of Allah (Islamic Monotheism), they have certainly strayed far away. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi). (See V.7:157)

Verily, those who disbelieve and did wrong [by concealing the truth about Prophet Muhammad SAW and his message of true Islamic Monotheism written with them in the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)], Allah will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to any way, - (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi).

Except the way of Hell, to dwell therein forever, and this is ever easy for Allah.

Quran 4: 167 - 169

But those who reject Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) and treat them with arrogance, they are the dwellers of the (Hell) Fire, they will ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER.

Quran 7: 36

Know they not that whoever opposes and shows hostility to Allah and His Messenger (SAW), certainly for him will be the Fire of Hell to ABIDE THEREIN. That is extreme disgrace.

Quran 9: 63

And if you (O Muhammad SAW) wonder (at these polytheists who deny your message of Islamic Monotheism and have taken besides Allah others for worship who can neither harm nor benefit), then wondrous is their saying: "When we are dust, shall we indeed then be (raised) in a new creation?" They are those who disbelieve in their Lord! They are those who will have iron chains tying their hands to their necks. They will be dwellers of the Fire to ABIDE THEREIN.

Quran 13: 5

But those who disbelieved (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) and denied Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they will be the dwellers of the Fire, to DWELL THEREIN forever. And worst indeed is that destination.

Quran 64: 10

"(Mine is) but conveyance (of the truth) from Allah and His Messages (of Islamic Monotheism), and whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, then verily, for him is the Fire of Hell, he shall DWELL THEREIN forever ."

Quran 72: 23

2. Orang-Orang yang Melakukan Kejahatan dan Kejahatan Tersebut Telah Meliputinya

Yes! Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, they are dwellers of the Fire (i.e. Hell); they will DWELL THEREIN forever.

Quran 2: 81

And those who have earned evil deeds, the recompense of an evil deed is the like thereof, and humiliating disgrace will cover them (their faces). No defender will they have from Allah. Their faces will be covered, as it were, with pieces from the darkness of night. They are dwellers of the Fire, they will ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER.

Quran 10: 27

Verily, the Mujrimun (criminals, sinners, disbelievers, etc.) will be in the torment of Hell to ABIDE THEREIN FOREVER.

Quran 43: 74

3. Orang-orang yang Kekal / Kembali Memakan Riba

Those who eat Riba (usury) will not stand (on the Day of Resurrection) except like the standing of a person beaten by Shaitan (Satan) leading him to insanity. That is because they say: "Trading is only like Riba (usury)," whereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba (usury). So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Riba (usury) shall not be punished for the past; his case is for Allah (to judge); but whoever returns [to Riba (usury)], such are the dwellers of the Fire - they will ABIDE THEREIN.

Quran 2: 275

4. Orang-orang Ingkar dan Melampaui Batas dalam Peraturan dan Hukum Allah Mengenai Urusan Harta Pusaka

These are the limits (set by) Allah (or ordainments as regards laws of inheritance), and whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW) will be admitted to Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), to abide therein, and that will be the great success.

And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), and transgresses His limits, He will cast him into the Fire, to abide therein; and he shall have a disgraceful torment.

Quran 4: 13 – 14

5. Orang-orang yang Menyeru kepada selain Allah, atau Membunuh yang Dilarang, atau Berzina

And those who invoke not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, nor kill such life as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse and whoever does this shall receive the punishment.

The torment will be doubled to him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace;

Quran 25: 68 – 69

6. Orang-orang Munafik

Have you (O Muhammad SAW) not seen those (hypocrites) who take for friends a people upon whom is the Wrath of Allah (i.e. Jews)? They are neither of you (Muslims) nor of them (Jews), and they swear to a lie while they know.

Allah has prepared for them a severe torment. Evil indeed is that which they used to do.

They have made their oaths a screen (for their evil actions). Thus they hinder (men) from the Path of Allah, so they shall have a humiliating torment.

Their children and their wealth will avail them nothing against Allah. They will be (the) dwellers of the Fire, to dwell therein forever.

Quran 58: 14 – 17

Oleh itu, sekiranya kita telah melakukan kejahatan hendaklah kita bersegera bertaubat (kembali) kepada Allah.

ANTARA PERKATAAN YANG PALING BANYAK DISALAH TERJEMAHKAN DI MALAYSIA: ‘INJEEL’ DAN ‘BIBLE’

Pendahuluan

Dua perkataan yang tersebut di atas sering disalah ertikan oleh masyarakat islam di Malaysia. Penghasilan penulisan ini diharapkan dapat memperbetulkan salah tanggapan tersebut. Kesalahan menggunakan perkataan pada tempat yang betul dan pada maksud yang betul akan menjadikan orang lain salah faham seterusnya menjadikan komunikasi tidak berkesan. Lanjutan dari itu, ilmu tidak dapat disampaikan dan mengelirukan. Begitulah pentingnya penulisan ini, mungkin.

Tujuan

Menerangkan kepada masyarakat di Malaysia dalam kontek da’awah kepada orang islam dan yang ‘masih belum islam’ berkenaan apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan perkataan ‘injeel’ dan ‘bible’ yang sebenarnya, agar mereka tidak salah guna dan tidak salah faham lagi selepas ini hendaknya - inshaAllah.

Objektif

Disini dinyatakan objektif-objektif yang perlu dicapai bagi merealisasikan tujuan di atas:

i. Memberi maksud yang sebenar pekataan injeel dan bible.

ii. Menjelaskan istilah-istilah lain yang berkaitan; New Testament, Old Testament, Torah, dan Psalms.

Penyataan Masalah

Saya sebenarnya merasa kecewa kerana seringkali dihidangkan dengan penggunaan dan terjemahan yang salah apabila;

i. Menonton rancangan berbahasa inggeris di TV setiap kali ‘orang putih’ sebut perkataan bible terjemahan yang keluar adalah injeel. Tetapi apabila orang putih tersebut sebut gospel, terjemahan yang keluar mengekalkannya sebagai gospel. Ini menunjukkan penterjemah tidak faham dan secara mudahnya akan menambahkan lagi bilangan orang yang menerima fakta yang salah dari kalangan penonton.

ii. Mendengar dengan telinga sendiri, orang islam di Malaysia apabila bertutur rata-rata mempunyai pemahaman bible dan injeel adalah memaksudkan benda yang sama.

iii. Membaca penulisan-penulisan dalam ayat-ayat karangan yang menunjukkan perkataan bible dan injeel adalah seerti.

iv. Lain-lain.

Berikutan dari itu, saya terasa terpanggil dan bertanggungjawab untuk menjelaskannya kepada masyarakat.

Apa Itu Injeel Dan Bible

Apabila seorang muslim itu menyebut perkataan injeel, apakah sebenarnya yang beliau maksudkan. Sudah tentu yang dimaksudkan itu ialah wahyu yang Allah swt telah turunkan kepada Nabi Isa as.

“And He (Allah) will teach him ['Iesa (Jesus)] the Book and Al-Hikmah (i.e. the Sunnah, the faultless speech of the Prophets, wisdom, etc.), (and) the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel).”

Quran 3:48

“And in their footsteps, We sent 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), confirming the Taurat (Torah) that had come before him, and We gave him the Injeel (Gospel), in which was guidance and light and confirmation of the Taurat (Torah) that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition for Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2).”

Quran 5:46

“Then, We sent after them, Our Messengers, and We sent 'Iesa (Jesus) ­ son of Maryam (Mary), and gave him the Injeel (Gospel). And We ordained in the hearts of those who followed him, compassion and mercy. But the Monasticism which they invented for themselves, We did not prescribe for them, but (they sought it) only to please Allah therewith, but that they did not observe it with the right observance. So We gave those among them who believed, their (due) reward, but many of them are Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah).” Quran 57:27

Apabila kita bertanya kepada orang inggeris kristian pula, apakah nama wahyu yang diturunkan oleh Allah swt kepada Nabi Isa as? Jawapan yang akan kita terima ialah samada gospel, injeel, atau evangel. Ketiga-tiga perkataan tersebut adalah sinonim i.e. membawa maksud yang sama. Bukannya bible sepertimana yang disalah terjemah dan disalah faham oleh kebanyakan orang di Malaysia.

“And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people.”

Matthew 4:23

Perkataan asalnya adalah injeel yang membawa maksud berita gembira. Kemudian perkataan injeel telah diterjemah ke dalam bahasa koine greek sebagai gospel atau evangel yang membawa maksud berita gembira, yang digunakan oleh orang kristian hingga kini.

Jadi macamana boleh terjadi salah faham oleh umat islam di Malaysia? Pendapat saya, kerana salah faham sahaja. Disebabkan Quran mengatakan injeel diturunkan kepada Nabi Isa as, dan Quran juga mengatakan yang kitab-kitab yang terdahulu telah diubah. Umat islam membuat kesimpulan buku agama orang kristian yang ada sekarang, yang dipanggil bible adalah injeel yang telah diubah. Biasanya orang yang mengatakan sedemikian adalah orang yang kurang terpelajar atau yang tidak belajar secara mendalam sahaja. Para sarjana yang mendalami berkenaan bible dia tidak akan membuat kesimpulan mudah tanpa asas, sedemikian.

“Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands and then say, "This is from Allah," to purchase with it a little price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for that they earn thereby.” Quran 2:79

Sekarang kita lihat pula apa yang dimaksudkan dengan bible itu, atau boleh juga dikatakan sebagai, apabila orang inggeris kristian menyebut bible, apakah sebenarnya yang beliau maksudkan. Apabila orang inggeris kristian menyebut bible yang beliau maksudkan ialah satu koleksi buku-buku yang orang kristian terima sebagai kata-kata atau wahyu Allah.

Sebagai contoh Bible Roman Katholik mengandungi 73 buah buku di dalam bible mereka. Manakala Bible Protestant pula mengandungi 66 buah buku di dalamnya, iaitu 7 buah buku kurang berbanding Bible Roman Katholik.

Perkataan bible berasal dari perkataan koine greek ‘biblios’ yang bermaksud buku atau kitab (dalam bahasa arab) atau book (dalam bahasa inggeris). Perkataan bible adalah perkataan umum yang hanya membawa maksud buku. Ianya digunakan secara khusus untuk menunjukkan koleksi buku-buku yang diterima oleh yahudi dan kristian sebagai kata-kata Allah.

Sebagai contoh terma ‘Jewish Bible’ digunakan untuk menunjukan koleksi buku-buku yang diterima oleh yahudi sebagai kata-kata Allah. Manakala terma ‘Christian Bible’ digunakan untuk menunjukkan koleksi buku-buku yang diterima oleh orang kristian sebagai kata-kata Allah. Namun begitu terma ‘bible’ sahaja seringkali digunakan untuk memaksudkan Christian Bible.

Setelah kita dapat membezakan kedua-dua perkataan injeel dan bible. Sekarang kita lihat istilah-istilah lain yang berkaitan dengannya.

Istilah-istilah lain yang Berkaitan dengannya.

Selain dari dua istilah utama di atas, terdapat beberapa istilah lain seperti New dan Old Testament, Torah (The Law), Psalms (Songs) yang kadangkala di salah tafsir.

Old dan New Testament adalah istilah orang kristian. mereka menggunakannya untuk membahagikan dua bahagian di dalam bible kristian. Bible kristian atau buku kristian atau kitab kristian seperti dinyatakan di atas tadi adalah koleksi beberapa buah buku. Buku-buku di dalam bible dibahagikan kepada dua (2) kumpulan atau boleh juga disebut bible dibahagikan kepada dua (2) bahagian.

Bahagian yang pertama adalah Old Testament. Ianya adalah buku-buku yahudi yang diterima oleh kristian sebagai kata-kata Allah. Buku-buku yahudi yang tidak diterima oleh orang kristian sebagai kata-kata Allah tidak termasuk di sini. Buku-buku ini juga merujuk kepada buku-buku yang mereka terima sebagai kata-kata Allah yang diwahyukan sebelum kedatangan Nabi Isa as.

Manakala wahyu yang diterima selepas kedatangan Nabi Isa as dipanggil sebagai New Testament. Dengan kata lain sebelum kedatangan Nabi Isa as dipanggil Old selepas Nabi Isa as pula dikenali sebagi New.

Di antara buku-buku di dalam Old Testament terdapatnya buku-buku yang mereka panggil sebagai Torah, kadangkala diterjemahkan sebagai The Law (atau Taurat dalam bahasa arab dan dalam Quran), ada buku yang dipanggil Psalms atau kadangkala dikenali sebagai Songs (atau Zabur dalam bahasa arab dan dalam Quran).

Perlu dingat menurut para sarjana bible yahudi dan kristian (judeo-christian) sendiri, mereka tidak lagi mempunyai walau satu pun buku yang asal. Malah bahasa asal kitab-kitab tersebut juga mereka tidak ada, dan kalu mereka dapat jumpa kitab yang asal pun mereka menghadapai masalah kerana tiada siapa lagi yang faham, dapat membaca, dan menyebut dengan betul bahasa yang telah mati itu[1] i.e. tidak ada lagi manusia yang bercakap / bertutur menggunakan bahasa tersebut. (tidak akan diceritakan secara terperinci di sini)

Mungkin ada beranggapan Torah adalah salah satu buku dalam Old Testament. Penyataan tersebut kurang tepat. Torah adalah lima (5) buah buku yang pertama di dalam Old Testament. Perlu diingat saya hanya menyatakan di sini claim-claim yang dinyatakan oleh orang kristian (ini yg mereka kata), bukannya yang dikatakan oleh Allah dan RasulNya saw, jadi bagaimana seharusnya sikap / pegangan orang islam dalam perkara ini[2]. Kita berpegang apa yang Allah kata dalam Quran. Sebagai contoh kita berpegang yang Torah adalah wahyu yang Allah berikan kepada Nabi Musa as. Begitu juga semua Nabi-nabi sebelum Nabi Isa as juga menerima wahyu dari Allah. Contoh kedua, jika ada ayat dalam bible mengatakan tuhan itu satu (1), kita tiada masalah kerana Quran juga mengatakan Allah itu satu (1). (perbincangan terperinci tentangnya tidak dibincangkan di sini)

Persoalan seterusnya ialah sepatutnya injeel adalah salah satu buku dalam New Testament (sepatunya begitu). Namun, ia tidak begitu kerana didalam New Testament ada empat buah buku yang dipanggil gospel atau injeel. Kenapa jadi begitu?

Penjelasannya begini. Orang Kristian semasa di Rom (kurun ke 4 masihi) mempunyai beribu-ribu injeel yang tiada dua (2) pun yang serupa (identical). Jadi mereka tidak tahu nak putuskan yang mana harus dimasukkan ke dalam bible atau New Testament. Dari beribu-ribu jenis buku tersebut mereka telah memilih empat buah buku yang ke-empat-empatnya tidak 100% sama dan dinamakan sebagai; injeel menurut Mark, injil menurut Matthew, injil menurut Luke dan injil menurut John dan dimasukkan ke-dalam bible. Atau boleh juga disebut injeel adalah empat buah buku yang pertama dari New Testament (atau dengan kata lain injeel Nabi Isa menurut Matthew, Injeel Nabi Isa menurut Mark, Injeel Nabi Isa menurut Luke, dan Injil Nabi Isa menurut John).

Malah menurut para sarjana judeo-christian, kajian arkeologi yang mereka lakukan telah menemui lebih dari 2,000 kitab, dan tidak ada dua daripada yang ditemui adalah identical (tidak 100% sama).

Perkataan Bible di dalam Al-Quran

Disebabkan kita tak faham maksud sesuatu perkataan, kita sebenarnya seringkali menjumpai perkataan bible di dalam Quran tapi kita tak perasan. Bible bermaksud buku, jadi di dalam Quran Allah menggunakan perkataan ‘kitab’ iaitu perkataan arab untuk buku.

Apa yang saya maksudkan di sini ialah terdapat sekurang-kurangnya 41 kali dalam Quran perkataan ahlu al-kitab kita jumpa, yang membawa maksud ‘orang-orang buku’ atau boleh juga diterjemah ‘orang-orang bible’. Siapakah dia orang-orang bible ini, sepertimana yang kita maklum iaitu yahudi dan kristian. Orang yahudi ada bible mereka, orang kristian pun ada bible mereka.

Bible Arab

Sebagai renungan, mari perhatikan contoh-contoh dibawah. Bible inggeris dipangil ‘Holy Bible’ bermaksud kitab suci. Orang arab kristian terdapat lebih 15 juta orang sekarang, mereka ini kebanyakannya telah kristian sebelum kedatangan Nabi Muhammad saw lagi.[3] Majoriti orang arab di seluruh dunia arab sebelum Nabi Muhammad saw adalah arab kristian, arab yahudi (juga masih wujud), dan penyembah berhala yang menyelewang dari agama Nabi Ismail. Orang parsi pula (bukan arab) penyembah api.

Jika kita ambil bible arab kristian yang ada sekarang, ditulis di kulit depannya sebagai ‘kitabu Al-muqaddas’ yang bermaksud kitab suci. Dan empat buku pertama di dalam New Testament ditulis sebagai; Injeelu Al-Markus, Injeelu Al-Matius, Injeelu Al-Lucas, dan Injeelu Al- Yohannas. Tidak ada yang tertulis Injeelu Al-Isa.

Bagaimana pula dengan bible kristian dalam bahasa melayu. Apakah Namanya? Apakah nama empat (4) buku pertama dalam perjanjian baru?

Bible Yahudi

Kita telah membicarakan secara panjang lebar berkenaan bible kristian, sekarang cuba kita berkenalan pula dengan bible yahudi secara ringkas.

Terma ‘Jewish Bible’ adalah terma orang kristian tetapi seringkali digunakan ramai untuk merujuk kepada koleksi (canon) buku-buku orang yahudi. Orang yahudi memangil bible mereka sebagai Tanakh.

Tanakh terbahagi kepada tiga (3) koleksi (canon) buku; Torah, Prophets (atau Nevi'im dalam bahasa Hebrew), dan Writings (atau Ketuvim dalam bahasa Hebrew). Torah sebagaimana di dalam kristian bible mempunyai lima (5) bilangan buku di dalamnya. Prophets mengandungi lapan (8) buah buku di dalamnya dan Writings pula sebelas (11). Menjadi jumlah keseluruhan buku-buku di dalam Tanakh duapuluh empat (24) buah.

Kesimpulan dan Penutup

Maka dapatlah disimpulkan bahawa;

i. Bible = kitab = buku

ii. Injeel = gospel = evangel

iii. Di dalam Old Testament ada Torah, Zabur dan lain-lain wahyu Allah kepada Nabi-nabi yang terdahulu

iv. Di dalam New Testament ada injeel dan lain-lain kitab dari Nabi-Nabi palsu (dajal kecil) selepas Nabi Isa as.

v. Torah = The Law = Taurat

vi. Psalms = Songs = Zabur

vii. Bible Yahudi = Tanakh

Perlu diingat bahawa kitab ini telah banyak berubah. Nak mengembalikan kitab yang asal juga adalah mustahil, kerana kitab yang asal telah hilang dan beribu-ribu kitab kuno yang ada dalam simpanan mereka semuanya berbeza antara satu sama lain. Ini diakui sendiri oleh para sarjana yahudi-kristian sendiri yang mereka sudah tidak mempunyai kitab yang asal.

Kita percaya yang Allah ada menurunkan wahyu kepada semua Nabi-nabi terdahulu sebelum Muhammad saw. Cuma nama kitab sahaja tidak dinyatakan dalam Quran kecuali yang lima (5) i.e. wahyu kepada Nabi Ibrahim, Musa, Daud, Isa, dan Muhammad as.

“And who believe in (the Qur'an and the Sunnah) which has been sent down (revealed) to you (Muhammad Peace be upon him ) and in [the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel), etc.] which were sent down before you and they believe with certainty in the Hereafter. (Resurrection, recompense of their good and bad deeds, Paradise and Hell, etc.).” Quran 2:4

Semoga dengan terhasilnya nukilan ini terjawablah segala kemushkilan. InshaAllah.

Dan Allah menerima hasil kerja ini sebagai ibadah. Ameen

Mohd Zuhaidir Zaini

Pegawai Peperiksaan

Kolej Komuniti Segamat

Emai: p_lordz@yahoo.com

Bibliographies

1. E-book, Yusuf Estes, Bible Closer Look.pdf. USA, www.shareislam.com
2. E-book, Ahmed Deedat, is The Bible God Word.pdf. South Africa
3. E-book, Rahmatullah Kairanvi (1864). Izhar Ul-Haq (Truth Revealed).pdf.
4. E-book, (2004). King James Version of The Bible.pdf. www.davince.com/bible
5. (1986). New International Version of The Bible. Michigan: Zondervan
6. Video, Yusuf Estes, What is The Bible.flv.
7. E-book, Dr Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, The Qur’an & Science: The Holy Scriptures Examined in The Light of Modern Knowledge.pdf.
8. Video, Yusuf Estes and Abdullah Palmer Ex-Discipler [225k].rm.
9. Video, Yusuf Estes, The Bible.flv.
10. Video, Yusuf Estes, Who wrote the Gospels.flv.
11. E-book, Al-Hilalli et al (1404H). Quran Khan.pdf: The Noble Quran with English Translation. Madinah: King Fahd Complex.
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanakh

LAMPIRAN A

Bahagian-Bahagian & Buku-Buku di dalam Bible Kristian (atau biasanya hanya dipanggil bible sahaja)

Old Testament 1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. Leviticus 4. Numbers 5. Deuteronomy 6. Joshua 7. Judges 8. Ruth 9. 1 Samuel 10. 2 Samuel 11. 1 Kings 12. 2 Kings 13. 1 Chronicles 14. 2 Chronicles 15. Ezra 16. Nehemiah 17. Esther 18. Job 19. Psalms 20. Proverbs 21. Ecclesiastes 22. Song of Songs 23. Isaiah 24. Jeremiah 25. Lamentations 26. Ezekiel 27. Daniel 28. Hosea 29. Joel 30. Amos 31. Obadiah 32. Jonah 33. Micah 34. Nahum 35. Habakkuk 36. Zephaniah 37. Haggai 38. Zechariah 39. Malachi

New Testament 1. Matthew 2. Mark 3. Luke 4. John 5. Acts 6. Romans 7. 1 Corinthians 8. 2 Corinthians 9. Galatians 10. Ephesians 11. Philippians 12. Colossians 13. 1 Thessalonians 14. 2 Thessalonians 15. 1 Timothy 16. 2 Timothy 17. Titus 18. Philemon 19. Hebrews 20. James 21. 1 Peter 22. 2 Peter 23. 1 John 24. 2 John 25. 3 John 26. Jude 27. Revelation

Nota;

Ini di ambil dari bible versi King James.

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[1] Menurut para sarjana muslim bahasa asal bible ialah ancient Hebrew (ibrani kuno) dan ancient Aramaic.

[2] Mana-mana yang Quran mengiyakan mengenai bible kita muslim juga mengiyakan. Mana yang Quran tolak kita juga tolak. Mana yang Quran diam mengenainya kita juga sebagai muslim perlu diam.

[3] Arab kristian; bertukar kepada agama kristian semnjak zaman jahilliah lagi.

Who are Al-Muttaqun (God-fearing people)

Alif-Lam-Mim. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur'an and none but Allah (Alone) knows their meanings].
2:1

That is the Book (the Qur'an), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-Muttaqun [the pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained)].
2:2

Who believe in the Ghaib and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and spend out of what we have provided for them [i.e. give Zakat, spend on themselves, their parents, their children, their wives, etc., and also give charity to the poor and also in Allah's Cause - Jihad, etc.].
2:3

And who believe in (the Qur'an and the Sunnah) which has been sent down (revealed) to you (Muhammad Peace be upon him ) and in [the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel), etc.] which were sent down before you and they believe with certainty in the Hereafter. (Resurrection, recompense of their good and bad deeds, Paradise and Hell, etc.).
2:4

They are on (true) guidance from their Lord, and they are the successful.
2:5

Some Quranic Verses about Fasting

O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2). 2:183

[Observing Saum (fasts)] for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him. And that you fast, it is better for you if only you know.
2:184

The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days. Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you. (He wants that you) must complete the same number (of days), and that you must magnify Allah [i.e. to say Takbir (Allahu-Akbar; Allah is the Most Great) on seeing the crescent of the months of Ramadan and Shawwal] for having guided you so that you may be grateful to Him.
2:185

And when My slaves ask you (O Muhammad SAW) concerning Me, then (answer them), I am indeed near (to them by My Knowledge). I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he calls on Me (without any mediator or intercessor). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so that they may be led aright.
2:186

It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of As-Saum (the fasts). They are Libas [i.e. body cover, or screen, or Sakan, (i.e. you enjoy the pleasure of living with her - as in Verse 7:189) Tafsir At-Tabari], for you and you are the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned to you (accepted your repentance) and forgave you. So now have sexual relations with them and seek that which Allah has ordained for you (offspring), and eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall. And do not have sexual relations with them (your wives) while you are in I'tikaf (i.e. confining oneself in a mosque for prayers and invocations leaving the worldly activities) in the mosques. These are the limits (set) by Allah, so approach them not. Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, revelations, verses, laws, legal and illegal things, Allah's set limits, orders, etc.) to mankind that they may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2).
2:187

Who is The Muslim (at the side of Allah)

These are quotes from the Quran about Who are accepted by Allah as a Muslim (the one who in total submission to Allah Will).

Verily, the Muslims (those who submit to Allah in Islam) men and women, the believers men and women (who believe in Islamic Monotheism), the men and the women who are obedient (to Allah), the men and women who are truthful (in their speech and deeds), the men and the women who are patient (in performing all the duties which Allah has ordered and in abstaining from all that Allah has forbidden), the men and the women who are humble (before their Lord Allah), the men and the women who give Sadaqat (i.e. Zakat, and alms, etc.), the men and the women who observe Saum (fast) (the obligatory fasting during the month of Ramadan, and the optional Nawafil fasting), the men and the women who guard their chastity (from illegal sexual acts) and the men and the women who remember Allah much with their hearts and tongues (while sitting, standing, lying, etc. for more than 300 times extra over the remembrance of Allah during the five compulsory congregational prayers) or praying extra additional Nawafil prayers of night in the last part of night, etc.) Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward (i.e. Paradise).
33:35


It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in a plain error.
33:36